Amavuta y'Imodoka Ziremereye za Diesel cyangwa Amavuta y’Imodoka zisanzwe: Itandukaniro ni irihe?
Itandukaniro ry’aya mavuta rishingiye ku bintu bine by'ingenzi:
- Ibigize amavuta
- Uburyo akoreshwamo
- Ibisabwa n’imiterere y’imashini
- Ibidukikije amavuta akoramo n’imikorere yayo muri ibyo bihe.
Mu mashini ziremereye, ubwiyongere bw’iminota moteri izunguruka ku isegonda (RPM) n’imbaraga kuri volume (ubushobozi moteri ifite bwo gutanga imbaraga hashingiwe ku bunini bw’icyumba cyayo) ni bito ugereranyije n’imodoka zisanzwe. Byongeye kandi, izi moteri zikorera imitwaro iremereye kurusha iz’imodoka zisanzwe, bivuze ko moteri zigomba kuba nini cyane kugira ngo zibashe gutwara iyo mitwaro.
Kubera ubunini bwa moteri z’imodoka ziremereye, hakenerwa amavuta menshi kugira ngo ibyuma by’imbere bigende neza, bigatuma moteri ikora neza kandi igakomeza kuramba.
Uretse ibyo, moteri ziremereye zikunze gukora ibyotsi byinshi (soot). Ibyotsi ni igikorwa gisanzwe kibaho mu gihe lisansi cyangwa mazutu bitwitswe. Ibyotsi bikunze kuba bigizwe na karubone itahiye neza, kandi bigenda byiyongera cyane iyo umwuka wa ogisijeni udahagije mu gihe cyo gutwika ibikomoka kuri peteroli.
Kugira ngo ibyotsi bitagwira bikaba uruhurirane rw’umwanda ushobora kwangiza moteri, amavuta akoreshwa mu mashini ziremereye agomba kugira ibiyongeramo (additives) nko detergents na dispersants. Ibi biyongeramo bifasha gukwirakwiza ibyotsi kugira ngo bitabyara ibishishwa cyangwa ibice bikomeye bishobora guteza ikibazo kuri moteri. Kubera uburemere bw’akazi moteri z’imodoka ziremereye zikora, izi additives ziba nyinshi kurusha iziba mu mavuta y’imodoka zisanzwe.Ububobere bw’amavuta (viscosity) mu mashini ziremereye butandukanye n’ubw’amavuta y’imodoka zisanzwe, kuko moteri ziremereye zikora ku mutwaro munini kurusha iz’imodoka zisanzwe. Amavuta ya moteri aba yoroshye iyo ashyushye, bivuze ko gukoresha amavuta adafite ubuhehere bukwiye bishobora gutera kwishyushya gukabije kwa moteri no kugabanya imikorere myiza y’ibikomoka kuri peteroli. Moteri z’imodoka ziremereye akenshi zikoresha amavuta 10W40 cyangwa 15W40, mu gihe moteri z’imodoka zisanzwe zikoresha 0W30, 5W30, 0W20 cyangwa 5W20.
Ni ryari ugomba guhindura amavuta ya moteri?
Ibi biterwa n'uko imodoka ikoreshwa n'aho ikorera. Ku modoka zisanzwe, amavuta agomba guhindurwa hagati ya 2,000 km na 10,000 km, ariko muri bimwe mu bikoresho by’uburayi (European manufacturers), iyo hakoreshweje amavuta yemewe kandi mu miterere myiza, bishobora kugera kuri 30,000 km. Naho mashini ziremereye zishobora gukora 40,000 km cyangwa birenga mbere yo guhindurirwa amavuta. Impamvu ibitera ni uko imodoka zisanzwe akenshi zikoreshwa mu ntera ngufi, rimwe na rimwe ntizibashe gushyushya amavuta ya moteri uko bikwiye, kandi moteri ishobora guhindagurika cyane kuri RPM. Ku rundi ruhande, mashini ziremereye akenshi zikora RPM ihamye umunsi wose, bivuze ko amavuta akora neza kandi ashobora kumara igihe kinini nubwo moteri zitwara imitwaro iremereye. Guhitamo amavuta ya moteri akwiriye, haba ku mashini ziremereye cyangwa imodoka zisanzwe, bishobora kongera imikorere ya lisansi, kugabanya kwangirika kwa moteri, kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyikorera service no kugabanya igihe imodoka yamara idakoreshwa. Buri gihe, ubanze ugishe inama mu gitabo cy’amabwiriza y’uwakoze imodoka (user’s manual) cyangwa aho bakorera serivisi z’imodoka mbere yo guhindura ubwoko bw’amavuta ya moteri.
