Gusobanukirwa ibipimo ndenderwaho bya API: Imfasha Inyigisho ku Batangiye!

American Petroleum Institute (API) ni ikigo cyizewe gishyiraho ibipimo ngenderwaho by’amavuta ya moteri akoreshwa mu binyabiziga bikoresha essence (petrol/gasoline) na mazutu (diesel). Moteri zikoresha essence zishyirwa mu cyiciro S (Spark Ignition), naho moteri zikoresha mazutu zishyirwa mu cyiciro C (Compression Ignition).

Icyiciro S cyangwa C gikurikirwa n’inyuguti igaragaza iterambere rya tekinoloji y’amavuta.

Ku binyabiziga bikoresha essence, API specifications zitangira kuva SA kugeza SH, aho inyuguti izamuka igaragaza iterambere rishya mu ikoranabuhanga. Amavuta afite API SA kugeza SH aba akwiranye n’imodoka zakozwe mbere ya 1995. Ariko, amavuta afite specification iri hejuru ashobora gusimbura ay’icyiciro kiri hasi. Urugero, amavuta afite API SP ashobora gukoreshwa mu binyabiziga bisaba API SN, SM, SL, na SJ.

Hano hepfo haragaragazwa ibyiciro byose bya API ku binyabiziga bikoresha essence, cyane cyane imodoka zitwara abagenzi, kuko modoka nyinshi muri Amerika zikoresha essence aho gukoresha mazutu.

Mugihe uhitamo amavuta akwiye kumodoka yawe, tekereza umwaka wakozwe. Amavuta ya kijyambere ntashobora guhuzwa nigishushanyo cya moteri ishaje. Ibisobanuro kuva SA kugeza SH bishaje kandi bigenewe moteri yakozwe muri 1995 na mbere yaho. Nkuko byasobanuwe mbere, ibisobanuro bishya bifite inyuguti ndende kandi bigasimbuza ibya kera. API SP kuri SJ ni iyimodoka nshya, mugihe API SH kugeza SA ni iyakera.

Kurugero: Niba ufite imodoka kuva 1987 isaba amavuta ya API SF ukaba ufite amavuta gusa hamwe na API SH na SL aboneka, amavuta afite urwego rwa SH byaba byiza cyane. Ubundi, imodoka kuva 2003 isaba API SL irashobora gukoresha neza amavuta hamwe na SJ, SM, SN, cyangwa SP.

Burigihe nibyiza gukurikiza amabwriza ya API kubikorwa byiza bya moteri no kuramba. Niba ushaka kugira ibisobanuro birambuye kuri API, reba hano kurubuga.

Iyo uhitamo amavuta meza ya moteri y’imodoka yawe, tekereza ku mwaka wayo yakorewemo. Amavuta agezweho ashobora kudahuza n’imiterere ya moteri za kera. Ibisobanuro kuva kuri SA kugeza kuri SH birashaje kandi bigenewe moteri zakozwe mbere ya 1995. Nk'uko byasobanuwe mbere, ibisobanuro bishya bifite inyuguti z’inyuma mu nyuguti z’alfabeto kandi bisimbura ibya kera. API SP kugeza kuri SJ bigenewe imodoka nshya, mu gihe API SH kugeza kuri SA bigenewe imodoka za kera.

Urugero: Niba ufite imodoka yo mu 1987 ikenera amavuta ya API SF, hanyuma ukaba ufite gusa amavuta afite ibisobanuro bya API SH na SL, amavuta ya API SH niyo aba abereye kurusha ayandi. Nanone, imodoka yo mu 2003 ikenera API SL ishobora gukoresha amavuta afite ibisobanuro bya SJ, SM, SN, cyangwa SP nta kibazo.

Buri gihe ni byiza gukurikiza ibisobanuro bya API kugira ngo moteri yawe ikore neza kandi imare igihe kirekire. Niba ushaka kumenya byinshi kuri API n’uburyo bwabyo bw’amavuta ya moteri, sura urubuga rwabo.

Ibisobanuro by’amavuta ya moteri za Diesel

Mu Ukuboza 2017, API yatangije ibisobanuro bishya by’amavuta ya moteri za Diesel, nyuma y’imyaka icumi hatangijwe API CJ-4.

Impamvu nyamukuru zatangije ibi bisobanuro bishya zari ebyiri: kongera uburyo imodoka zikoresha lisansi nke, ndetse no gukomeza gukomera kwa moteri ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru. Kongera imikoreshereze myiza ya lisansi byaturutse ku gukenera kugabanya ikiguzi cy’imikorere no gukurikiza amabwiriza akomeye ajyanye no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere (GHG). Mu 2011, Ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije (EPA) gifatanyije n’ibindi bigo byo muri Amerika, cyashyizeho gahunda yihariye yo kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya na lisansi ikoreshwa mu binyabiziga bikoresha mazutu.

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ibyo bisabwa bishya, abashakashatsi barebye uburyo moteri nshya zakoresha amavuta arimo ibivange bifite ubukomere bucye (low viscosity) kugira ngo byongere uburyohe bwa lisansi. Kubera ibyo, Ishyirahamwe ry’Abakora Moteri (EMA) ryasabye API gutangiza icyiciro gishya cy’amavuta ya moteri y’ubucuruzi. Iki cyiciro cyatangiye kwitwa Proposed Category 11, nyuma gihinduka PC-11.

Ibisobanuro bya PC-11 byerekana impinduka ugereranyije n'ibya API byari bisanzwe bihuzwa byoroshye. Mubisanzwe, ibisobanuro bishya biba bihuye n’ibya kera. Urugero, niba imodoka ikeneye API CH-4 hanyuma hakaboneka gusa API CJ-4, irashobora gukoreshwa.

Ibisobanuro bya PC-11 byagabanyijwe mu byiciro bibiri:

• 11-a: API CK-4, igenewe gusimbura API CJ-4.

• 11-b: Icyiciro gishya cyihariye kizwi nka FA-4.

Ibyiciro byombi bitanga kuramba kurushaho no gukoresha lisansi neza ugereranyije na CJ-4.

CK-4 yagenewe kuba icyiciro gikomeye kurusha CJ-4, ikaba iboneka mu byiciro by’ubukomere bw’amavuta (viscosity) nka 15W-40, 10W-30, na 5W-40, kandi ifite amanota menshi ya HTHS (High-Temperature High Shear). Amavuta ya CK-4 asabwa gukoreshwa mu modoka zigenda mu muhanda no hanze yawo (on-road & off-road) ku buryo bwemewe n’abakora moteri (OEMs).

Ku rundi ruhande, FA-4 ni CJ-4 irambye kurushaho ariko ifite ubunyerere buke. Akenshi iboneka mu byiciro 10W-30 na 5W-30 kandi ifite amanota make ya HTHS. Aya mavuta yujuje ibisabwa bikomeye bijyanye no kuramba, akaba yaragenewe gukoreshwa mu modoka zigenda mu muhanda (on-road) gusa kandi agomba gukoreshwa uko byemejwe n’abakora moteri (OEMs).

Kubera iyo mpamvu, abakora moteri (OEMs) batangiye gushyiraho ibisobanuro bishya bya API CK-4 na/ cyangwa API FA-4.

Uyu muyoboro w’amakuru urambuye utanga ibisobanuro ku bisobanuro bya API bijyanye n’amavuta ya moteri zikoresha essence na mazutu, bigufasha gufata imyanzuro isobanutse ku bijyanye no kwita ku modoka yawe.

Kubindi bisobanuro, wihesheze gutuza kwegera umuyobozi w’ibicuruzwa byacu product manager cyangwa utwandikire kuri info-rymax-lubricants.com.